Quercetin in Osteoporosis Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Its Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and insights for quercetin's clinical application in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP), analyzing its roles in bone formation promotion, bone resorption inhibition, anti-inflammation, antioxidant effects, and potential mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS: OP, a prevalent bone disorder, is marked by reduced bone mineral density and impaired bone architecture, elevating the risk of fractures in patients. The primary approach to OP management is pharmacotherapy, with quercetin, a phytochemical compound, emerging as a focus of recent interest. This natural flavonoid exerts regulatory effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts and promotes bone health and metabolic equilibrium via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative pathways. Although quercetin has demonstrated significant potential in regulating bone metabolism, there is a need for further high-quality clinical studies focused on medicinal quercetin.

Ion-Specific Nanoconfinement Effect in Multilayered Graphene Membranes: A Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Computational Study.

Ion adsorption within nanopores is involved in numerous applications. However, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental relationship between in-pore ion concentration and pore size, particularly in the sub-2 nm range, is scarce. This study investigates the ion-species-dependent concentration in multilayered graphene membranes (MGMs) with tunable nanoslit sizes (0.5-1.6 nm) using nuclear magnetic resonance and computational simulations. For Na+-based electrolytes in MGMs, the concentration of anions in graphene nanoslits increases in correlation with their chaotropic properties. As the nanoslit size decreases, the concentration of chaotropic ion (BF4-) increases, whereas the concentration of kosmotropic ions (Cit3-, PO43-) and other ions (Ac-, F-) decreases or changes slightly. Notably, anions remain more concentrated than counter Na+ ions, leading to electroneutrality breakdown and unipolar anion packing in MGMs. A continuum modeling approach, integrating molecular dynamic simulation with the Poisson-Boltzmann model, elucidates these observations by considering water-mediated ion-graphene non-electrostatic interactions and charge screening from graphene walls.

Characteristics and prognosis of acute basilar artery occlusion in minor to moderate stroke and severe stroke after endovascular treatment: A multicenter retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate characteristics and outcomes of patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy (MT) between minor to moderate stroke and severe stroke caused by acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of all patients with BAO who underwent MT from three stroke centers between January 2016 and January 2020. The patients were dichotomized as minor to moderate or severe stroke group according to their admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score <21and ≥21. Patient characteristics, imaging findings, and outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 72 patients were included in this study. The posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (PC-ASPECTS) in the minor to moderate stroke patients were significantly higher than that of patients with severe stroke (P = 0.013). The good posterior circulation collateral scores (PC-CS) (6-10) were more commonly found in patients with minor to moderate stroke than in patients with severe stroke (58.14 % vs 10.34 %,P < 0.001). There were similar rates of successful recanalization between the two groups. Patients with minor to moderate stroke had a higher rate of favorable outcomes (mRS score 0-2, 60.47 % vs 20.69 %, P = 0.002) and a lower rate of periprocedural complications (4.65 % vs 31.03 %, P = 0.005) and mortality (4.65 % vs 24.14 %, P = 0.026) at 3 months after MT compared with the patients with severe stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Acute BAO patients with minor to moderate stroke had better posterior circulation collateral and had better outcomes after MT than those patients with severe stroke.

[A long-term follow-up results of Enterprise stent in treatment of severe symptomatic basilar artery atherosclerotic stenosis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Enterprise stent in the treatment of severe symptomatic basilar artery atherosclerosis stenosis. METHODS: All patients who underwent Enterprise stent for the treatment of symptomatic basilar artery atherosclerotic stenosis in our center from Nov. 2011 to Nov. 2014 were enrolled in the study. Preoperative and postoperative dual antiplatelet drugs and intensive lipid-lowering therapy were given to all the patients. Multi-modality imaging guiding for stent angioplasty was performed in all the patients, including head MRI or CT, CT or MRI perfusion, high resolution MRI for plaque analysis and angiography. Angiography after 6 months was recommended. The main outcome parameters were any stroke or death within 30 days, stroke recurrence in the basilar artery blood supply area during the follow-up period and in-stent restenosis. RESULTS: A total of 35 cases were enrolled in the study with operation technical success rate of 100%. The average preoperative and postoperative stenosis rate was (83.0±10.1)% and (28.1±8.9)%. The main perioperative complication and mortality rate was 0. The average follow-up period was (10.6±7.9) months. During follow-up period, only 2 cases (5.7%) of TIA related to the stented artery were observed. In patients with follow-up period more than 6 months, 17 cases (56.7%) underwent cerebral angiography. Restenosis rate was 17.6%. One patient with in-stent restenosis suffered from transient cerebral ischemia and received another Enterprise stenting successfully. CONCLUSION: Long term follow-up results show that Enterprise stent for the treatment of symptomatic basilar artery severe stenosis is safe and recurrence of stroke can be prevented effectively.

Mechanically robust, electrically conductive and stimuli-responsive binary network hydrogels enabled by superelastic graphene aerogels.

The architecture of the nanofiller phase in polymer nanocomposites matters! Polymer hydrogels that can combine stimuli-responsiveness with excellent electrically conductivity and mechanical strength can be fabricated by incorporation of the polymer into an ultralight and superelastic graphene aerogel to form a binary network.